查看“費米能階”的源代码

{{distinguish|费米能}}{{noteTA|G1=物理|1=zh-cn:费米能级;zh-tw:費米能階;}}

'''費米能階'''（{{lang-en|Fermi level}}<ref>{{cite book | author1link=施敏| author1=Sze, Simon M. | title=Physics of Semiconductor Devices（2nd ed.）| publisher=John Wiley and Sons（WIE）| year=1981| id=ISBN 978-0-471-05661-4}}</ref>），通常標示為「''µ'' 」或「''E''<sub>F</sub>」<ref>{{cite isbn|0471111813}}</ref>。<ref name=il-pdf /><ref name=Kittel1980 /><ref name=Wiley-Sze /><ref name="phys-ncku-m02"/><ref name="ch-ntu-19206"/>也稱為「{{le|電化學電位|Electrochemical potential|-{zh-cn:电化学势能;zh-tw:電化學電位;}-}}」<ref name="naer287065">{{cite web|url=http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/287065/|title=electrochemical potential|accessdate={{start date|2017|01|04}}|publisher=國家教育研究院}}{{dead link|date=2018年1月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>The use of the term "Fermi energy" as synonymous with [[Fermi level]] (a.k.a. [[electrochemical potential]]) is widespread in semiconductor physics. For example: [https://books.google.com/books?id=n0rf9_2ckeYC&pg=PA49 ''Electronics (fundamentals And Applications)''] by D. Chattopadhyay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lmg13dHPKg8C&pg=PA113 ''Semiconductor Physics and Applications''] by Balkanski and Wallis.</ref>。

==定義==

[[File:Fermi.gif|thumb|250px|right|费米–狄拉克统计 F(<math>\epsilon \ </math>) vs. 能量 <math>\epsilon \ </math>, 费米能级μ&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.55&nbsp;eV 温度范围为50K&nbsp;≤&nbsp;T&nbsp;≤&nbsp;375K.]]
*絕對零度下，電子能夠填到最高的那一個能階便是費米能階。<ref name="pdf-semi-nuu" /><ref name=il-pdf /><ref name=Kittel1980 /><ref name=Wiley-Sze /><ref name="ch-ntu-19206"/>
*用[[费米–狄拉克统计|-{A|zh-cn:费米–狄拉克统计;zh-tw:費米迪拉克分佈;}-]]，就是無論任何溫度，電子佔據該能階的[[機率]]皆為二分之一，此能階稱為費米能階。<ref name="pdf-semi-nuu" /><ref name=il-pdf /><ref name=Kittel1980 /><ref name=Wiley-Sze /><ref name="ch-ntu-19206"/>

:<math> (V_{\mathrm{A}}-V_{\mathrm{B}}) = -(\mu_{\mathrm{A}}-\mu_{\mathrm{B}})/e </math>
<small>''-e''為[[基本电荷]]。</small>

*[[包利不相容原理]]
费米迪拉克分布可由下式表述：
:<math> f(\epsilon) = \frac{1}{e^{(\epsilon-\mu) / (k T)} + 1} </math>
其结果如右图所示，f越接近1，表示该能量被电子占据的概率越大，f越接近于0，表示该能量被电子占据的概率越小。如图所示，费米能级为0.55eV, 费米能级之上越高，f越接近于0；费米能级之下，能量越低，f越接近于1。

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist
|refs=
<ref name="pdf-semi-nuu">[http://web.nuu.edu.tw/~hsuch/download/semiconductor%20device5.pdf 半導體元件與物理] - [[國立聯合大學]]</ref>
<ref name=il-pdf>I. Reiss, ''What does a voltmeter measure?'' Solid State Ionics '''95''', 327 (1197) [http://phstudy.technion.ac.il/~sp118028/SSI%20%281997%29%20What%20does%20a%20voltmeter%20measure.pdf]{{dead link|date=十月 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
<ref name=Kittel1980>{{cite book | last = Kittel | first = Charles | authorlink = Charles Kittel | coauthors = [[Herbert Kroemer]] | title = Thermal Physics (2nd Edition) | publisher = W. H. Freeman | date = 1980-01-15 | location = | page = 357 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=c0R79nyOoNMC&pg=PA357| doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-7167-1088-2 }}</ref>
<ref name=Wiley-Sze>{{cite book|
author=Sze, S. M.|
title= Physics of Semiconductor Devices|
publisher=Wiley|
year=1964|
isbn=0-471-05661-8
}}</ref>
<ref name="phys-ncku-m02">[http://gplab.phys.ncku.edu.tw/charging/modern/2/ 教學 2 ─ 何謂費米能階]，[[國立成功大學]]普通物理實驗室</ref>
<ref name="ch-ntu-19206">[http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=19206 半導體 (Semiconductor)(二)]，國家科學委員會<small>（[[中華民國科技部]]前身）</small>高瞻自然科學教學資源平台</ref>
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:F}}
[[Category:凝聚体物理学]]
[[Category:固体物理学|F]]
[[Category:统计力学|F]]